Contents

Prologue: The Flows of Information in Competitive Politics

Introduction: The Hypermedia Campaign

• The Evolution of Hypermedia Campaigns in the United
  States
• Information Technology in Campaigns and Elections
• Outline of the Book

Chapter 1: Political Communication and Information Technology

• Politics in Code
• Digital Democracy in Theory and Practice
• Political Consultants as a Cultural Industry
• The Structural Code of Political Communication
• Analytical Frames for Studying Politics and Information
  Technology
• Information Technologies as Cultural Schema

Chapter 2: Producing the Hypermedia Campaign

• The Digital Leviathan
• Hypermedia and the Production of Public Opinion
• Of Grassroots and Astroturf

Chapter 3: Learning Politics from the Hypermedia Campaign

• Software and Surveillance
• Political Communication and the Open Information Market
• Political Redlining and Issue Publics

Chapter 4: Organizational Communication in the Hypermedia Campaign

• The Development of Campaign Organization
• Power and Social Control in the Hypermedia Campaign

Chapter 5: Managed Citizenship and Information Technology

• The Wizards of Odds
• Deviance and Decisions
• Citizenship in the Digital Democracy
• Political Schema Rationalized in Code
• Policy and Process for the Healthy Digital Democracy

Appendix: Method Notes on Studying Information Technology and Political Communication

• Methodological Challenges in Studying Hypermedia
  Organizations
• Conclusion

Glossary

References

Index

Tables

Comparative Media Use, 1996–2004, Percentage

Information about Politics and Campaigns Online, 1996–2004, Percentage

Civic Engagement, 1996–2004, Percentage

Candidates with Campaign Web Sites, U.S. Senate Races, 1996–2004, Percentage

Candidates with Campaign Web Sites, U.S. House Races, 1996–2004, Percentage

Candidates with Campaign Web Sites, Gubernatorial Races, 1996–2004, Percentage

Public Opinion Research in Mass Media Campaigns

Public Opinion Research in Hypermedia Campaigns

Information and Organization in the Mass Media and Hypermedia Campaign

Network Ethnography Sampling: Conferences, Organizations, and Projects, 1996–2004

Figures

Astroturf-Lobby.org Algorithm for Producing a Political
Campaign

Presidential Campaign Budgets per Voter, Registered Voter, and Voting Age Population, 1960–2004

Panel Participation at e-Politics Conferences, by Organizational Subgroups, 1995–2000